Medical Considerations in High-Risk Maritime Operations: A Narrative Review

Description

Medical Considerations in High-Risk Maritime Operations: A Narrative Review
Granholm F, Lauria MJ, Melau J, Tin D Ahead of Print.
Publication Type: Journal Article

Abstract:
Maritime operations conducted by military Special Operations Forces and civilian special weapons and tactics (SWAT) units present unique medical challenges. These missions often occur in unpredictable environments, far from immediate medical resources and with exposure to waterborne threats. This article examines the medical aspects critical to maritime operations, including hypothermia management, trauma care in confined and moving spaces, management of drowning and respiratory issues, and specialized training for maritime-specific injuries. A narrative review of literature from 2005-2024 was conducted across major databases and grey sources, with studies included by author consensus. The review identified core maritime medical challenges, hypothermia, drowning, confined-space trauma, respiratory hazards, motion sickness, and impact injuries. Medical support tailored to these environments is essential for maintaining operational effectiveness and responder safety. By examining both preventive and responsive medical approaches, this article highlights the need for maritimespecific medical protocols and training

Keywords: maritime; tactical medicine; naval; prehospital; trauma; performance; counter terrorism medicine; SWAT; SOF; Special Operations

PMID: 41455129

DOI: 10.55460/UGFI-MVGB